TEST
Contributors
b

b

Subscribe Message

b

Categories

Plants
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles and Frogs
Insects
Spiders
Other Arthropods
Other Invertebrates
Fungi
Lichens; Mosses & other Bryophytes
Algae, Cyanobacteria, other bacteria and viruses
Slime Moulds
Fossils & Geological Features
Fish
Marine Invertebrates
Marine Algae & Seaweeds

Filter

Clear
Significant
Unidentified
Inconclusive
Critically endangered * Endangered * Vulnerable * Very rare / threatened Rare or uncommon native Local native Non-local native Vagrant native Cosmopolitan Migratory Exotic Locally extinct Unknown
Non-invasive or negligible Minor weed or pest Medium weed or pest Major weed or pest Severe weed or pest Unknown

Page 1 of 1 - image sightings only

34 0 35
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b

Apis mellifera

Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b

Chrysococcyx osculans

Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b

Chrysococcyx osculans

Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b

Chrysococcyx osculans

Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b

Chrysococcyx osculans

Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b

Glossopsitta concinna

Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b

Glossopsitta concinna

Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b

Glossopsitta concinna

Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b

Glossopsitta concinna

Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b

Plectorhyncha lanceolata

Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b

Plectorhyncha lanceolata

Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b

Plectorhyncha lanceolata

Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b

Plectorhyncha lanceolata

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b

Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala

Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b

Egernia striolata

Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b

Egernia striolata

Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b

Egernia striolata

Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b

Egernia striolata

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus)

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus)

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus)

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus)

Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Varanus varius

Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Varanus varius

Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Varanus varius

Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b

Varanus varius

Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b

Pachycephala pectoralis

Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b

Pachycephala pectoralis

Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b

Pachycephala pectoralis

Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b

Pachycephala pectoralis

Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b

Pardalotus punctatus

Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b

Pardalotus punctatus

Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b

Pardalotus punctatus

Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b

Pardalotus punctatus

Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b

Cacomantis flabelliformis

Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b

Cacomantis flabelliformis

Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b

Cacomantis flabelliformis

Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b

Cacomantis flabelliformis

Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b

Cacomantis pallidus

Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b

Cacomantis pallidus

Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b

Cacomantis pallidus

Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b

Cacomantis pallidus

Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b

Eudynamys orientalis

Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b

Eudynamys orientalis

Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b

Eudynamys orientalis

Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b

Eudynamys orientalis

Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b

Hieraaetus morphnoides

Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b

Hieraaetus morphnoides

Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b

Hieraaetus morphnoides

Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b

Hieraaetus morphnoides

Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b

Strepera graculina

Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b

Strepera graculina

Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b

Strepera graculina

Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b

Strepera graculina

Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Petroica boodang

Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Petroica boodang

Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Petroica boodang

Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Petroica boodang

Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Melithreptus brevirostris

Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Melithreptus brevirostris

Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Melithreptus brevirostris

Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Melithreptus brevirostris

Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Menura novaehollandiae

Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Menura novaehollandiae

Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Menura novaehollandiae

Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b

Menura novaehollandiae

Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Threskiornis spinicollis

Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Threskiornis spinicollis

Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Threskiornis spinicollis

Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Threskiornis spinicollis

Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Elanus axillaris

Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Elanus axillaris

Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Elanus axillaris

Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b

Elanus axillaris

Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b

Cacatua galerita

Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b

Cacatua galerita

Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b

Cacatua galerita

Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b

Cacatua galerita

Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b

Todiramphus sanctus

Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b

Todiramphus sanctus

Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b

Todiramphus sanctus

Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b

Todiramphus sanctus

Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b

Phaps chalcoptera

Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b

Phaps chalcoptera

Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b

Phaps chalcoptera

Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b

Phaps chalcoptera

Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 9 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Apis mellifera (European honey bee) at Florey, ACT - 8 Nov 2022 by b
Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b
Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b
Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b
Chrysococcyx osculans (Black-eared Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 8 Oct 2021 by b
Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b
Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b
Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b
Glossopsitta concinna (Musk Lorikeet) at Florey, ACT - 15 Feb 2021 by b
Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b
Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b
Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b
Plectorhyncha lanceolata (Striped Honeyeater) at Frogmore, NSW - 1 Jan 2021 by b
Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b
Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b
Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b
Tachyspiza fasciata/cirrocephala (Brown Goshawk/Collared Sparrowhawk) at Frogmore, NSW - 20 Dec 2020 by b
Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b
Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b
Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b
Egernia striolata (Tree Skink) at Frogmore, NSW - 29 Nov 2020 by b
Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Cryptoblepharus sp. (genus) (Fence, snake-eyed or shining skinks) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) at Frogmore, NSW - 6 Nov 2020 by b
Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b
Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b
Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b
Pachycephala pectoralis (Golden Whistler) at Giralang, ACT - 21 Jun 2020 by b
Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b
Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b
Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b
Pardalotus punctatus (Spotted Pardalote) at Florey, ACT - 31 May 2020 by b
Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b
Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b
Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b
Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 2 Apr 2020 by b
Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b
Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b
Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b
Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) at Florey, ACT - 4 Feb 2020 by b
Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b
Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b
Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b
Eudynamys orientalis (Pacific Koel) at Florey, ACT - 16 Jan 2020 by b
Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b
Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b
Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b
Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little Eagle) at Wollogorang, NSW - 12 Jan 2020 by b
Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b
Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b
Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b
Strepera graculina (Pied Currawong) at Acton, ACT - 11 Jan 2020 by b
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Melithreptus brevirostris (Brown-headed Honeyeater) at Florey, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Menura novaehollandiae (Superb Lyrebird) at Tennent, ACT - 26 May 2019 by b
Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Threskiornis spinicollis (Straw-necked Ibis) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Elanus axillaris (Black-shouldered Kite) at Melba, ACT - 30 Apr 2019 by b
Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b
Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b
Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b
Cacatua galerita (Sulphur-crested Cockatoo) at Majura, ACT - 22 Mar 2019 by b
Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b
Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b
Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b
Todiramphus sanctus (Sacred Kingfisher) at Florey, ACT - 25 Feb 2019 by b
Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b
Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b
Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b
Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Googong Foreshore - 30 Jan 2019 by b
1,904,751 sightings of 21,315 species from 13,114 contributors
CCA 3.0 | privacy
We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of this land and acknowledge their continuing connection to their culture. We pay our respects to their Elders past and present.